Smooth endoplasmic reticulum « hallways: Factories have hallways through which information from the office travels to the workers in all departments.
Rough er code#
DNA is analogous to such plans, providing the code not only for all cell products, but also the proteins that govern daily operations within the cell. In a similar manner, nuclear pores allow for information and resources to flow between the nucleus and the cell it manages.ĭNA/chromosome « plans: Each factory has plans that govern the production and development of their products, as well as plans that govern the day-to-day operation of the factory. Doors allow people from different departments to visit and communicate. Nuclear pore « doors: Communication is essential to the proper functioning of a factory. The nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell by a nuclear membrane that allows it to function without interruption from surrounding organelles, just as the office walls of the headquarters allow planners and managers to direct the operations of the factory without being distracted by surrounding operations.
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In a similar manner, factory headquarters controls the operations of a factory.
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Nucleus « headquarters: The nucleus of a cell controls the operations of a cell. For example, the paint room is separated from the upholstery shop so each can carry on its functions without interference from the other. Organelle membranes « walls: In factories, walls are used to separate regions with different functions. Simultaneously, these same cells receive oxygen and nutrients provided by the red blood cells and plasma that flow in their neighborhood. For example, cells in the Beta Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produce insulin that is used by surrounding cells. Similarly, cells produce products that may be used by surrounding cells, and in turn receive resources from surrounding cells. Factories produce products so that they may be sold and earn money for the corporation. A cell uses material and energy resources and produces products just as a factory does.Ĭell products « factory products: Cells do not work in isolation but provide and receive resources from other cells or from the surrounding environment. This is analogous to the functioning of a cell (figure 10.5) as seen in the following mapping.Ĭell « factory: A cell (in a multicellular organism) is an identifiable unit that is part of a larger organism just as a factory is an identifiable unit that is part of society. A factory consumes raw materials and energy in an effort to sustain its workers and provide resources to others. A factory is a facility where goods are manufactured for export. Relatively few students have visited factories, and so it is helpful to review the organization of a factory as the analogy is developed. In this example we are illustrating an analogy between a cell and a factory, but it should be understood that others can be equally well developed.Īnalogue concept : An analogy is helpful only when people are familiar with the analogue concept, in this case a factory. It is common to hear teachers draw analogies between cells and cities, schools, and factories. Because cells are microscopic, difficult to visualize in three dimensions, and exceedingly complex in function, most teachers draw analogies to help students grasp their significance. Although this is a relatively accurate description, it is not an intuitive description that students can readily relate to.
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Target concept : The dictionary defines a cell as “the smallest independently functioning unit in the structure of an organism, usually consisting of one or more nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed in a membrane”. To develop an understanding of the functional processes that take place in a cell, it is helpful to draw an analogy to an automobile factory. Although it is relatively easy to visualize the components of cells, it is difficult to conceptualize how these components function together to sustain life within the cell. The cell is the basic unit of living systems.